The inevitable limits of EU R&D funding

Article Abstract:

Forty years of experience in government policies for science and technology led to conclusions that concepts of technology differences among Japan, Europe, and the US, have been exaggerated and that it is not right to hope that research and development programs funded by the EU could make a significant difference to the technical change in Europe. However, trade and investment policies of the EU can influence organizational decisions on technical change.

Research & Development, Research Expenditures Analysis, Research institutes, Science and technology policy, European Union, Science and state, Science policy, Financial analysis, Technology and state, Technology policy

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FDI, transfer pricing and the measurement of R&D intensity

Article Abstract:

A method of measuring the rate of Research and Development activity, which overcomes the discrepancies emerging from manipulation of profits through transfer prices, is presented. Low rate of corporation tax attracts foreign direct investments, which increase economic activity. Multinational corporations tend to relocate profits through transfer prices. As R&D activity is measured against output, such transfers distort the figures.

Ireland, Science & research, Taxes, Venture Analysis, Foreign investments, Taxation, Economic aspects, Measurement, Research and development, Business enterprises, Foreign direct investment

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The changing structure of the US national innovation system: implications for international conflict and cooperation in R&D policy

Article Abstract:

Several trends that emerged in the structure of the technological innovation system in the US includes a fall in federal government expenditures in R&D. There is also a reduction in research funds from industries. Federal programs for the enhancement of technology capabilities were also introduced through the financial support and promotion of partnership in research and cooperation between federal laboratories and the industry.

Technological innovations, Research and development partnership, Research and development partnerships

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