A longitudinal study of emotion expression and personality relations in early development

Article Abstract:

Author's Abstract, COPYRIGHT 1999, American Psychological Association, Inc. To investigate emotion expression and personality relations, the authors coded infants' full-face and component positive and negative expressions during Episodes 4 through 8 of the strange situation procedure at age 18 months and obtained maternal ratings of the 5-factor model of personality when children were 3.5 years old. Full-face negative expression was directly related to Neuroticism and inversely related to Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. By contrast, component positive expression showed the exact opposite pattern of relations. Full-face positive expression was positively correlated with Extraversion and Openness to Experience. These findings indicate that full-face and component expressions may index different intensities of emotions. Emotion expression and personality relations were not mediated by the secruity of attachment continuum or the emotional reactivity dichotomy derived from the attachment subclassifications.

Statistical Data Included, Infants, Emotions, Developmental psychology, Personality, Personality (Psychology)

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Are there "his" and "hers" types of interdependence? The implications of gender differences in collective versus relational interdependence for affect, behavior, and cognition

Article Abstract:

Author's Abstract, COPYRIGHT 1999, American Psychological Association, Inc. In a recent review, S.E. Cross and L. Madson (1997) forwarded that many gender differences in social experience and behavior may be better understood through consideration of gender differences in independence and interdependence. In the current studies an expansion of the model to include both relational and collective aspects of interdependence was investigated (see R.F. Baumeister & K. L. Sommer, 1997). On the basis of the literature regarding gender differences in affect, behavior, and cognition, it was hypothesized that women would focus more on the relational aspects of interdependence, whereas men would focus more on the colective aspects of interdependence. Five studies in which gender differences in self-construals, emotional experience, selective memory, and behavioral intentions were examined supported the expansion of the model to include both relational and collective aspects of interdependence.

Women, Human behavior, Men, Cognition, Interpersonal relations, Sex differences, Affect (Psychology)

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