A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere
Article Abstract:
Climate models incorporating changes in carbon dioxide, anthropogenic sulphate aerosols and stratospheric ozone predicted vertical temperature changes similar to those observed in the atmosphere between 1963 to 1987. The annual-mean zonal-mean temperature changes with latitude and height. The changes are hemispherically symmetric and maximum warming is seen in the tropics. The similarity between predicted and observed changes is probably due to human activity rather than naturally produced climatic changes. The study uses data from two climate models and coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols
Article Abstract:
The coupled general circulation model predicts more rapid global warming from greenhouse gases than has manifested, possibly due to the absence of sulphate aerosols from the model. Sulphate aerosols are most likely the second largest anthropogenic radiative forcing substance in the atmosphere and contribute to global cooling. A coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model was adopted including sulphate aerosols and the predicted and actual global warming means were closer matches. Global warming is likely to accelerate if sulphate aerosols are overwhelmed by greenhouse gases.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1995
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Krakatoa's signature persists in the ocean
Article Abstract:
Twelve state-of-the-art climate models were analyzed and they showed that ocean warming and sea-level rise in the twentieth century were substantially reduced by the colossal eruption in 1883 of the volcano Krakatoa in the Sunda strait, Indonesia. Volcanically induced cooling of the ocean surface penetrated into deeper layers, where it persisted for decades after the event.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2006
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