A universal scaling law for atomic diffusion in condensed matter
Article Abstract:
A universal scaling law can be generated that estimates atomic diffusion coefficients directly from diffraction measurements of the radial distribution function of diffusing species in condensed matter. A universal relationship exists for both solids and liquids between the equilibrium structure and the equilibrium rate of atomic diffusion. Scaling with the atomic collision frequency and the atomic diameter reduces the diffusion coefficient to a dimensionless form. The universal scaling law suffices for simple liquids and atomic transport in a quasicrystal and silver-ion diffusion in the solid-state ionic conductor.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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Efficient fault-tolerant quantum computing
Article Abstract:
A central concept has been developed to overcome the deficiencies in fault-tolerant methods for extracting syndromes for quantum error correcting codes. This concept involves adapting the recovery operation so that a desired measurement on the logical state of the computer is made while extracting an error syndrome. In this way, the cost of making such measurements is reduced to zero. This approach means that a quantum computer must only be an order of magnitude larger than the logic device inside it.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1999
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Gregarious atoms
Article Abstract:
An experiment, conducted on a gas of rubidium-87 atoms, shows Bose-Einstein condensation. The Rb87 atoms are kept in a magnetic trap and cooled to a temperature of few nanokelvins. At the bottom of magnetic trapping potential, thousands of atoms collect in the same quantum state. This method can be used for other atoms to generate coherent samples, which may be sources of coherent matter waves, but is well suited to boson atoms because they are gregarious.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1995
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