Cause and effect in evolution

Article Abstract:

It is suggested by Rutherford and Lindquist that the heat-shock protein Hsp90 fosters the accumulation of hidden variants that may be exposed by environmental challenges, and fixed by selection. This explicit molecular mechanism helps in the process of evolutionary change. Such interpretation appears to require evolution of properties that anticipate future needs, although selection lacks foresight. An obvious function of Hsp90 is to stop abnormalities of the type that appear when it is compromised. Natural selection is the ultimate source of all purposeful design, and discussion on the evolutionary process should observe the distinction between function or purpose, and effect or consequence.

Evolution (Biology), Heat shock proteins, Evolution

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Snapping social swimmers

Article Abstract:

The snapping shrimp, Synalpheus regalis, lives in colonies with a single reproductive female, in the internal canals of sponges on Caribbean coral reefs. Most members function as non-reproductive workers who protect and defend their sponge against intruders. The shrimps have a snapping major fighting claw which is as effective as the sting in Hymenoptera. Males and females are however diploid in contrast to Hymenoptera in which males are haploid. Cavities appear to favor sociality by keeping relatives together.

Behavior, Environmental aspects, Social behavior in animals, Animal social behavior, Coral reef ecology, Coral reef ecosystems, Shrimps, Shrimps (Animals), Sponges, Sponges (Animals)

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Unexpected patterns of parentage and relatedness in a primitively eusocial bee

Article Abstract:

A reversal of the classical pattern of genetic systems is observed in the bee colony of the species Halictus ligatus of the Halictidae family. The species has haplodiploid genetic system, in which the full sisters are closely related to each other than to their brothers. The reversal pattern is observed due to changes in the egg laying and fertilization habits.

Genetic aspects, Heredity, Bees

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