Closure of the Central American Isthmus and its effect on deep-water formation in the North Atlantic
Article Abstract:
North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) plays a major role in modern ocean circulation. Nd, Pb and Sr isotope records preserved by a hydrogenous ferromanganese crust from the NADW flow-path in the western North Atlantic Ocean suggest that the isotopic signal associated with NADW strengthened around three to four million years ago. Data show that deep water formed in the Labrador Sea increasingly contributed to NADW flow. Along with data from the central Pacific Ocean, this suggests an increased NADW flow since isthmus closure and that the closure set the prevailing general pattern of ocean circulation.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1997
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The child prodigy of 1997-98
Article Abstract:
A number of factors may have played a role in the strength of the El Nino of 1997 to 1998, which severely affected global weather patterns and Pacific marine ecosystems. Some theories indicate that chaos was responsible for the irregularity of El Nino/Southern Oscillation cycle. Indeed, it is possible that the underlying tendency towards chaos in the climate system prompted events to conspire to produce an unusually strong El Nino. It is also possible that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation cycle is interacting with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1999
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Gulf Stream shifts following ENO events
Article Abstract:
The intensity of the North Atlantic Oscillation has been used since 1966 to forecast the yearly mean latitude of the Gulf Stream off the coast of the US. However, some unexplained variance can be attributed to the Southern Oscillation in the Pacific, with a northwards displacement of the Gulf Stream following El Nino - Southern Oscillation events. The data provides a link between weather conditions in the North Atlantic and events in the equatorial Pacific.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1998
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