Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism
Article Abstract:
Although biologists and economists cannot explain it, social order and cooperative behavior does indeed exist even among unrelated individuals, and even when self-interest is not at play. Current theories cannot explain the fact that sanctions have negative effects on human altruism. Experiments doen by researchers at the University of Zurich (Switzerland) and the University of Erfurt (Germany) show that sanctions intended to deter non-cooperation may actually undermine altruistic cooperation.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2003
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The efficient interaction of indirect reciprocity and costly punishment
Article Abstract:
A study examines the interaction between the potential for costly punishment and building personal reputation in public using experimental economics and evolutionary biology. The results have shown that the interaction between punishment and reputation enhances cooperative efficiency as they are omnipresent interacting human forces in human societies and also costly punishing should appear less destructive without losing its deterring force.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2006
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Parochial altruism in humans
Article Abstract:
Parochialism in human population was analyzed by conducting punishment experiments, which allow impartial observers to punish norm violators. It was found that punishers protect ingroup victims, who suffer from a norm violation, much more than they do outgroup victims, regardless of the norm violator's group affiliation.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2006
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