Gene donors' rights at risk

Article Abstract:

Gene donors have a right to receive royalties from research projects, but implementing mechanisms to do so is difficult as the donors may include thousands of families spread over many continents. Some philosophical questions also arise as genes are reduced to a commodity. Informed-consent agreements should clearly spell out commercial gains and not obstruct research. Patent holders' rights need to be designed to allow competition. The revisions of the General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs must respect political rights and the cultural diversity of indigenous populations.

Laws, regulations and rules, Donation of organs, tissues, etc., Tissue donation, Genetic research

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Effects of social organization on gene flow in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

Article Abstract:

Fire ant colonies living in the US have two distinct social forms, namely, those which have single queens (M) and those with multiple queens (P). An analysis of the genetic flow between the two types reveals a single route in which males from M colonies mate with queens from either the P and M colonies. The continued genetic exchange of both colonies may cease if mating flights are abandoned by P queens. These findings suggests that reproductive isolation may occur in the imported fire ants.

Sexual behavior, Social aspects, Species, Species (Biology), Fire ants

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Acute stress facilitates long-lasting changes in cholinergic gene expression

Article Abstract:

Research shows that presence and absence of the biochemical acetylcholine following acute traumatic stress is controlled by genetic modulation. Modified gene expression occurs at the same time as nerve stimulation. Experimental evidence indicates genetic induction of the transcription factor c-Fos is caused by cholinergic stimulation. c-Fos acts as a mediator in acetylcholine metabolism.

Research, Genetic aspects, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Cholinergic mechanisms

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