Post-fledging care, multiple breeding and the costs of reproduction in the great tit
Article Abstract:
Factors besides post-fledgling care influence the effect of clutch size manipulations on second clutches in the great tit, Parus major, which has multiple broods in a single season. Parental care continues for 20 days after fledging and investment in successive clutches overlap. Second clutches reduce the female's contribution to post-fledging care. Changes in clutch size have no effect on the duration of post-fledging care. The effect of clutch size is probably due to a trade-off between successive reproductive attempts.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1996
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Adoption in the emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri
Article Abstract:
Adoption of chicks in non breeding or infertile emperor penguins is a common behavior. A study conducted in 1993 revealed that out of a total of 2068 chicks, 351 were adopted. Adoptions last for 0.5 to 10 days. Adoptions involve kidnapping or brooding of infertile penguins. Chicks are benefited by adoptions in terms of food and care, whereas alloparents gain breeding experience.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1995
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