Radical fringe positions the apical ectodermal ridge at the dorsoventral boundary of the vertebrate limb
Article Abstract:
The radical fringe gene (R-fng) in vertebrates, which encodes a protein called fringe, plays an essential role in vertebrate limb outgrowth. The gene directs the formation and positioning of the apical ectodermal ridge at the dorsoventral limb boundary. This was concluded following the cloning of the chick gene, which is homologous to the Drosophila fringe protein gene. It was also examined whether R-fng expression regulates or is regulated by the genese Wnt-7a and En-1 that establish the dorsoventral boundary of the vertebrate limb. Findings indicate that correct R-fng expression requires the prior establishment of the boundary, but does not influence it.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1997
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Dorsal cell fate specified by chick Lmx1 during vertebrate limb development
Article Abstract:
A vertebrate LIM-homeodomain containing gene, Chick Lmx1 (C-Lmx1), is sufficient to specify the fate of dorsal cells during the development of chick limbs. Misexpression of the gene causes changes in character from the dorsal to ventral type. Transcripts for C-Lmx1 are present in the dorsal limb mesoderm, in developing chick buds. The overlying ectoderm, which has the Wnt7a messenger RNA, regulates the expression of C-Lmx1. Wnt7a, which is necessary for the proper development of the dorsoventral axis in mouse limbs, can stimulate ectopic expression of C-Lmx1 in ventral mesoderm.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1995
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The T-box genes Tbx4 and Tbx5 regulate limb outgrowth and identity
Article Abstract:
Two members of the T-box gene family, Tbx4 and Tbx5 are specifically expressed in the hindlimb and forelimb buds respectively. They are shown to be necessary regulators of limb outgrowth, closely linked to the activities of three signalling proteins needed for limb outgrowth and patterning, fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt. It is also shown that Tbx4 and Tbx5 are involved in the control of limb identity.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1999
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