Simulated influence of carbon dioxide, orbital forcing and ice sheets on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum

Article Abstract:

Early research shows that sea surface temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) around 21,000 years ago were more than 1 deg cooler than present temperatures in August and February. New research uses a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model to investigate changes in ocean circulation and atmospheric CO2 and their effect on LGM climate. It is shown that tropical temperatures were some 2.2 deg C colder than today's, a result consistent with climate sensitivity to radiative disturbances. It is concluded that ocean circulation changes since the LGM are not linked directly to subsequent global-mean temperature changes.

Climatic changes, Climate change, Glacial epoch, Ice age, Glacial climates

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Driving the ocean conveyor

Article Abstract:

A global ocean model in combination with an atmospheric model analyzes the oceanic latitudinal heat transport in the North Atlantic ocean. There is a cyclic pathway of heat transport across the latitudes which is comparable with a conveyor system. Hydrological changes are closely associated with this conveyor system. The pathway is sensitive to greenhouse gases. Atmospheric changes affect the equilibrium condition of this conveyor.

Observations, Heat, North Atlantic Ocean, Hydrologic cycle, Water cycle, Convection (Fluid dynamics)

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The oceans and global warming

Article Abstract:

Global warming and ocean circulation differ in kind as well as degree according to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Doubling of present amounts would tend to warm the North Atlantic and Europe by accelerating the transport of heat via ocean circulation. Quadrupling of it would so weaken the heat transport mechanism that ocean flows would be disrupted and the North Atlantic and Europe might not grow warmer.

Global warming, Ocean-atmosphere interaction

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