Editing of errors in selection of amino acids for protein synthesis

Article Abstract:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesases prevent and repair any errors in the transmission of genetic information during the translation process. These synthesases provides the correct tRNA-attached activated amino acids for the synthesis of proteins. They display a 10,000 to 100,000 discriminating factor in the selection of closely related amino acids. However, these editing functions require significant amount of energy that is reflected in the rate of protein development. This expensive cellular process restricts the amount of these enzymes in order to modulate the excessive editing of protein products.

Identification and classification, Proteins, Genetic code, Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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Control of gene expression in trypanosomes

Article Abstract:

The action of trypanosomes as carriers of parasitic diseases such as Chagas' disease and the African sleeping sickness operate primarily at posttranscriptional levels during their parasitic life cycle. Protein-coding genes are transcribed into mature mRNAs, or intergenic sequences, in the form of long polycistronic sequences. The untranslated sequences accumulates and promotes the expression of major surface antigens of trypanosomes such as procyclin in insects and variant surface glycoprotein in humans. DNA rearrangements result to antigenic variation and leads to development of the disease.

Gene expression, Parasitic diseases, Trypanosoma

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Programmed translational frameshifting

Article Abstract:

Despite the accuracy of the reading frame of translational ribosomes, a mechanism has been found where the reading frame can be shifted by a single base or by bypassing several nucleotides. The frameshift is surmised to allow for the production of other products. This mechanism has been found operative in prokaryotes and several eukaryotes. It is controlled by the mRNA which somewhat signals the frameshift event.

Ribosomal RNA, Protein biosynthesis, Messenger RNA

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