Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases

Article Abstract:

The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) mediate the gamma phosphate transfer of ATP to tyrosine hydroxyl groups of target proteins. The review discusses the mechanism of action of RTKs with respect to regulation of the signaling pathways, their specificity, and the specific biological response they evoke in eukaryotes.

United States, Physiological regulation, Biological control systems, Cell receptors

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Ligand-mediated negative regulation of a chimeric transmembrane receptor tyrosine phosphatase

Article Abstract:

A chimeric protein in which the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CD45 were replaced with those of the epidermal growth factor receptor was constructed to determine whether the extracellular domain of CD45 influenced its function. CD45 may influence T cell surface signaling molecules. The ability of this chimera to restore T cell receptor signal transduction function in a CD45-deficient T cell line was examined. The findings suggest that ligand-mediated regulation of receptor-protein tyrosine phosphatases may have mechanistic similarities with receptor tyrosine kinases.

T cell antigen receptors, Mosaicism, T cells, Phosphatases

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Switching signals on or off by receptor dimerization

Article Abstract:

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphorylases (PTPs) are important enzymes involved in signal transduction and modulating the response to extracellular signals. The mechanisms by which these enzymes are regulated within the cell are beginning to be understood. Receptor dimerization and A-loop phosphorylation play important roles in the regulation of PTKs. Other mechanisms modulating the activities of PTKs and PTPs are discussed.

Enzymes, Enzyme regulation, Phosphorylase

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