A cybernetic theory of stress, coping, and well-being in organizations

Article Abstract:

Many major theories of organizational stress (OS) reflect basic principles of cybernetics, most notably the negative feedback loop. However, these principles are rarely examined in empirical OS research, which focuses predominantly on simple bivariate relationships embedded in OS theories. This problem may reflect an implicit rejection of cybernetic principles on conceptual grounds, the absence of specific propositions regarding these principles, methodological difficulties, or some combination of these factors. In any case, the result is a gap between theoretical and empirical OS research, which severely hinders the accumulation of knowledge in this area. This article is intended to narrow this gap by presenting an integrative cybernetic theory of stress, coping, and well-being in organizations, deriving propositions from this theory, and discussing methodological issues in testing this theory. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Job stress, Organizational behavior, Cybernetics

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Alternative information-processing models and their implications for theory, research, and practice

Article Abstract:

A general taxonomic system of alternative information-processing models (rational, limited capacity, expert, and cybernetic) found in the management and psychological literatures is developed. These models are evaluated on four criteria: theoretical utility, descriptive accuracy, prescriptive value, and potential to suggest interventions consistent with typical information processing. No model is superior according to all criteria, yet each model provides a different explanation of information processing in typical work situations. Each model provides a different explanation of processing in several theoretical domains (attribution theory, decision making, performance appraisal), and each model has different methodological implications. Thus, researchers or practitioners should carefully evaluate the applicability of each model for their particular purpose. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Analysis, Management research, Human information processing

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