Townscape preservation in Japanese urban planning

Article Abstract:

The Japanese have not been strongly motivated towards architectural preservation, but the preservation movement has gained momentum in the 1990s. Local groups began to raise public awareness of the issues in the 1960s, despite the general drive towards modernization and economic growth. The government began designating Important Preservation District from 1975, and attention focuses on these, rather than on individual buildings. The districts are preserved groups of historic buildings, including villages, port towns and religious areas, and their total increased to 44 by 1997.

Japan, Buildings and facilities, Protection and preservation, Historic districts, Architecture, Japanese, Japanese architecture

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The leasehold system as a means of planning by contract: The case of Hong Kong

Article Abstract:

The leasehold land system as a means for a government to allocate private property rights by contract, is examined, focusing on Hong Kong. It is argued that the land system is similar to the freehold land system in terms of governance, although leasehold tenure is held for a stated number of years. It is shown, from examples in Hong Kong, that the leasehold system as a type of planning by contract, is on a par with zoning legislation with regard to terms of detail or control of development.

Usage, Hong Kong, City planning, Urban planning, Leases

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