Are there differential returns to schooling by gender? The case of Indonesian labor markets

Article Abstract:

Women in developing countries are believed to be educationally disadvantaged relative to men. In Indonesia, there is a large gender gap in terms of educational attainment, which may have a significant impact on the labor market returns of education for women relative to those for men. This hypothesis is tested using data from Indonesia to derive wage rate functions given educational patterns. The unexpected results indicate that although males enjoy greater absolute returns to schooling than do women, the latter's marginal rates of return to schooling beyond primary levels are higher.

Research, Indonesia, Labor market, Employment discrimination, Education of women, Women's education

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The collapse of primary schooling returns in South Africa 1960-90

Article Abstract:

South African primary education for the period 1960-1990 has deteriorated greatly as evidenced by a drop in wages of those primary school graduates over the 30-year period. Such quality drop is attributed to the increase in pupil-teacher ratio and the lack of public financing for primary education. This finding only applies to blacks as whites seldom drop out of school. On the other hand, secondary school education had a favorable effect on wages.

Education, South Africans

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Women's employment transitions around child bearing

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted on the dynamics of women's labor supply using longitudinal employment history records. The results suggest that women have been benefiting from the equal opportunities provisions enacted in the UK in the 1970s. Moreover, analysis of women's employment after childbearing indicates the presence of polarization in the labor force between highly educated and high-wage mothers and less educated and low-wage mothers.

United Kingdom, Women, Labor supply, Labor force

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