Trade liberalization reforms and the World Bank

Article Abstract:

The World Bank's contribution to trade liberalization can be traced back tothe 1960's, when it first started to sponsor trade policy research. Although the excellence of Bank research was not constantly high, the World Bank has supported the view that more liberal trade regimes are required for better economic performance, thus revealing the advantages of liberalization policies. The Bank has also made contributions to the intellectual debate on the importance of alternative trade regimes and contributed to reforms by policy dialogue.

Admin. of general economic programs, World Bank (IBRD), Research, Econometrics, World Bank, International trade regulation

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Competition or compensation: supplier incentives under the American and Japanese subcontracting systems

Article Abstract:

The transition from competitive bidding on large contracts requiring inspections to repeat purchases on small but numerous contracts requiring no inspections is largely explained by the adoption of flexible manufacturing systems and increased product complexity. The conclusion is based on the analysis of the Japanese and American subcontracting systems. The ratio of set-up to inspection costs largely explains this shift and it is quite likely that both solutions co-exist in many industries.

Business Methods, Competition (Economics), Japan, Business planning, Outsourcing, Subcontracting

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Trade reform and uniform import tariffs: the Chilean experience

Article Abstract:

Chile observed a standard import-substitution industrialization strategy from the 1930s until late 1960s. The strategy needed protectionist policies that created an import-competing sector protected from foreign competition. Chile experienced three attempts at liberalizing trade regimes but they were never pushed through due to unsupported macroeconomic policies. They also faced opposition from groups that favored protectionist policies.

Economic Programs, Administration of Economic Programs, Intnl Economic Policy, International trade, Chile, Economic policy, International economic relations, Tariffs

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