Values and economics in environmental management: a perspective and critique

Article Abstract:

Values are a central part of environmental management. Economists have created value concepts such as use value, option value, altruism, bequest value, existence value, and intrinsic value to evaluate the benefits produced from non-marketed natural resources. When viewed from a psychological perspective, a good case can be made for the validity of use, option, altruism and bequest values because each of these value concepts further human goals. But the validity of existence value is questionable because of its links to intrinsic value.

Ethical aspects, Environmental policy, Conservation of natural resources, Natural resource conservation

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Managing congestion: economics of price and lottery rationing

Article Abstract:

Carrying capacity for congestible facilities varies according to resource allocation mechanisms, being greater with lottery than with price rationing. Analysis is conducted through a linear constant crowding demand function. Risk-neutral resource users always prefer lottery to price allocation, despite the latter having greater efficiency. The full benefits obtainable from the utilization of resources will be obtained only if carrying capacity and allocation mechanism are considered as a single package.

Models, Prices, Natural resources, Resource allocation, Lotteries, Rationing

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Urban ecosystems, energetic hierarchies, and ecological economics of Taipei metropolis

Article Abstract:

The interaction of economic and ecological systems in the metropolis of Taipei, Taiwan was analyzed using an ecological energetic approach. It was shown that Taiwan has four urban ecological economic systems. These are agricultural settlement, suburban industry, urban metropolis and resource production. The distribution of the four urban ecological economic systems indicates that a spatial energetic hierarchy exist within Taiwan.

Environmental aspects, Metropolitan areas, Biotic communities, Taipei, Taiwan

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