Price regulation and public service obligations under international arbitrage

Article Abstract:

National regulation of prices creates differences in the price of goods at international levels. This triggers an arbitrage process by international distributors. The effects of this on technology/market conditions, public service obligations on distributors, national welfare, parallel exports, intellectual property rights, etc., are discussed.

Italy, Public affairs, Licenses, Patents & Trademarks, Social aspects, Analysis, International aspects, Intellectual property, Social service, Distributors (Commerce), Price control, Price regulations, World market, International markets, Social welfare

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Utility regulation and risk allocation: the roles of marginal cost pricing and futures markets

Article Abstract:

The conditions under which consumers would be willing to switch to marginal cost pricing in place of a fixed retail price are evaluated. With the demand risk and marginal cost pricing efficient future markets can provide insurance and allow appropriate profit transfer to the customers.

Influence, Futures market, Futures markets, Demand (Economics), Marginal costs

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Wild bids. Gambling for resurrection in procurement contracts

Article Abstract:

The regulatory practice of surety bonds with regard to the problem of abnormally low tenders in the procurement process of limited liabilities is discussed. Surety bonds reduce the bankruptcy risk for the sponsor by increasing the bids of insolvent firms.

Direct Property and Casualty Insurance Carriers, Surety insurance, Usage, Limited liability companies, Bankruptcy, Company bankruptcy, Surety bonds

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