Shadow government

Article Abstract:

The initiative process is becoming increasingly difficult. Of the average of 70 initiatives filed every two years during the 1990s, only 12 will go to ballot, of which four will be approved by voters. Of the successful four, three will end up in court, only to be thrown out, modified or in some cases left alone. The Open Primary Initiative in California is an example of how a voter-approved initiative can be challenged by the federal courts.

Management

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In the shadow of Jarvis and Gann: citizen initiators tilt at the electoral windmill

Article Abstract:

Private citizens continue to move ballot initiatives, according to the example set by Howard Jarvis and Paul Gann, despite the low success rate of such initiatives. Elected officials, executives of financially powerful interest groups and private citizens are the three major groups of people who move initiatives. Proposition 4, Proposition 13 and Proposition 140 are some of the well-known initiatives.

Planning, Political participation

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U.S. Supreme Court rules on initiatives

Article Abstract:

The US Supreme Court has failed to curb the increasing number of commercial initiative campaigns in Californian politics. The case Buckle, Secretary of State of Colorado v. American Constitutional Law Foundation is cited.

Laws, regulations and rules, Political campaigns

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