Anthropometric estimation of neonatal body composition

Article Abstract:

An inexpensive and simple method of estimating body fat may be used to estimate the body fat mass of newborns. Researchers developed a model of infant body composition using measurements of various parts of the body and compared the accuracy of this model to estimates of body fat obtained by total body electric conductivity, a proven reference. The average estimate of body fat in newborns was 12% by both the body measurements and electric conductivity. Body fat mass was predicted best by measurements of birth weight, flank skinfold measurement and birth length. Twenty percent of the infants in the study weighed more than the 90th percentile for gestational age due to the fact that almost half the mothers in the study had gestational diabetes, a condition that can produce very large infants.

Infants (Newborn), Newborn infants, Anthropometry

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Factors affecting fetal growth and body composition

Article Abstract:

Male infants may weigh significantly more than female infants at birth. Researchers studied 183 newborns and their parents to determine the factors that influence body fat composition and birth weight. Male infants born at term had greater body length and weight, arm length, and head circumference than did females. Male sex and tall fathers were associated with increased fat-free body mass, which implies that genetics may influence the amount of fat-free mass at birth. Newborns whose mothers had had one or more infants before had higher amounts of body fat. This may be due to decreasing insulin sensitivity of the mother who has had children before. Neither mother's height and weight nor weight gain during pregnancy were associated with newborn weight or body fat composition.

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Maternal carbohydrate metabolism and its relationship to fetal growth and body composition

Article Abstract:

An infant's birth weight may be determined more by the insulin sensitivity of its mother than by her demographic or body characteristics. Researchers studied 16 infants and their parents for the factors that influence newborn birth weight, body fat composition, and weight of the placenta. Ten pregnancies were complicated by gestational diabetes. Blood glucose levels, the mother's weight gain, and the infant's gestational age at birth were the main factors influencing birth weight. Blood glucose measurements taken after meals, rather than glucose levels after fasting, were associated with birth of a larger than normal infant. Decreased maternal insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy produced increases in birth weight, fat-free body mass, and placental weight.

Health aspects, Pregnant women, Carbohydrate metabolism

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