Extracellular matrix of the synovial intimal cell layer

Article Abstract:

The layer of cells in the innermost part of the synovium may produce an extracellular matrix of proteins and molecules that provides organization and adhesion for the cell layer. Synovium is the membrane which lines the cavity of joints. Substances such as hyaluronan, collagen, and fibronectin make up the extracellular matrix. Some of the adhesion molecules in the matrix are the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs). ICAM-1 may become sensitized in rheumatoid arthritis. There is evidence that the extracellular matrix, along with synovium, may grow next to orthopedic implants, as it does in natural joints. Future research about the growth of synovium alongside of implants may provide information about cell adhesion and loosening of joint replacements.

Cell adhesion molecules, Extracellular matrix

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Synovial intimal fibroblasts

Article Abstract:

Fibroblast cells of the innermost part of the synovium, or synovial intimal fibroblasts, may synthesize a substance called hyaluronan and thus may differ in function from other synovial fibroblasts. The synovium is the membrane lining a joint cavity. Intimal fibroblasts have high activity levels of an enzyme which may be a marker for hyaluronan synthesis. Identification of which genes are expressed on synovial intimal fibroblasts has progressed. For example, the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is known to be expressed by these fibroblasts. An immune response provoking substance known to be recognized by monoclonal antibody (MAb) 67 may be expressed specifically by synovial intimal fibroblasts. The function of intimal fibroblasts may be controlled by hyaluronan and VCAM-1.

Hyaluronic acid, Fibroblasts

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Not all stoops are due to osteoporosis

Article Abstract:

Older patients with a stoop that disappears when the patient lays down may not necessarily have osteoporosis but possibly camptocormia. The medical history of a 75-year old otherwise healthy woman who developed a stoop that progressively worsened over a three-year period, but did not otherwise suggest osteoporosis. The stoop disappeared when the patient lay down and did not respond to treatment with etidronate or prednisolone. Muscle biopsy, muscle activity tests, and magnetic resonance images indicated muscle disease and deterioration of the muscle tissue in the patient's lower back suggestive of camptocormia. There was no evidence of psychological dysfunction or a family history of this condition.

Diagnosis, Back, Back muscles, Kyphosis

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