Making sense of arterial blood gases and their interpretation

Article Abstract:

The measurement of arterial blood gases can be used to gain an understanding of the clinical condition of a patient with acute illness. Measuring arterial blood gases indicates whether the patient's ventilation is adequate and whether the supply of oxygen is sufficient. It also indicates how able the body is to maintain the acid-base status, that is the balance between alkalis and acids. Blood samples for arterial blood gas analysis can be obtained by an indwelling arterial catheter or by direct arterial puncture.

Measurement, Blood gases

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Haemolysis of blood samples: what is it and how to avoid it

Article Abstract:

The continued hemolysis of a patient's blood sample may point to a serious disease or may indicate a lack of care being taken during the collection process. Hemolysis occurs when blood samples are handled incorrectly, leading to the plasma breaking down. Samples should be taken following strict procedures to avoid contamination, shaking, heat exposure and damage, all of which may cause hemolysis. The level of hemolysis may have varying affects on the blood sample analysis, although the results are unpredictable.

Methods, Blood collection and preservation, Prevention, Hemolysis and hemolysins, Hemolysis

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Making sense of the process and effects of ECT

Article Abstract:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a common treatment for depression, but it is also controversial. An electric current produces a seizure which affects the entire brain, altering chemical messages in the brain and returning them to normal. After effects may include confusion, headaches and drowsiness and there may be a lasting impairment of memory.

Practice, Electroconvulsive therapy, Electroshock

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