Implications of Laboratory Tests of Condom Integrity

Article Abstract:

The risk of sexually transmitted disease transmission from breaks or undetected holes in condoms is related to the quantity of infected semen required to infect a sexual partner. Researchers evaluated the risks associated with condom breakage, small holes large enough to pass water, and holes which might pass viruses but not water. Condoms which pass a water leak test may still permit disease transmission if they contain holes large enough to allow the virus passage. Such condoms would expose sexual partners to the risk of diseases for which only very small quantities of infectious semen are necessary for infection.

United States, Sexually transmitted diseases, Testing, Disease transmission, Condoms

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Stillbirth evaluation: what tests are needed?

Article Abstract:

Many of the tests used to detect the cause of stillbirth can probably be eliminated. In a study of 745 stillbirths, the most beneficial tests were medical examination of the placenta and autopsy. Placenta examination identified the cause of stillbirth in 30% of the cases, and autopsy detected the cause in 69% of the cases when it was performed. Tests such as antinuclear antibodies, Kleihauer-Betke, and screening for congenital infections such as toxoplasmosis and rubella were less useful. No cause was found in 36% of the cases despite a thorough evaluation.

Causes of, Medical examination, Autopsy, Placenta, Still-birth, Stillbirth

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