Patterns of congenital anomalies and relationship to initial maternal fasting glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by type 2 and gestational diabetes

Article Abstract:

Babies of women with type 2 diabetes during pregnancy will have the same diseases as babies of women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy. In a study of 4,180 diabetic pregnancies, 38% of the babies had heart disease, 15% had musculoskeletal disease, 10% had nervous system disease, and 16% had diseases in more than one organ.

Diseases, Infants (Newborn), Type 2 diabetes, Neonatal diseases

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Gestational diabetes mellitus: the prevalence of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in the first two months post partum

Article Abstract:

Gestational diabetes is a complication of pregnancy characterized by an intolerance to glucose, a simple sugar. In some cases, the condition is thought to exist before pregnancy and it can last up to a year after delivery. Women who have diabetes during pregnancy are at risk for diabetes mellitus later in life. To see if glucose intolerance persists after delivery, a two-hour glucose tolerance test was performed on 246 women with gestational diabetes. The women were tested again at five and eight weeks after delivery. Women were divided into three study groups, depending on individual glucose levels during pregnancy: glucose levels less than 105 milligrams per decaliter (mg per dl); between 105 and 140 mg per dl; and over 140 mg per dl. An abnormal glucose tolerance test resulted in 48 (19 percent) of the patients in the early postpartum period. Twenty-five patients (10 percent) had impaired glucose tolerance and 23 (9 percent) had diabetes mellitus. The women who had the greatest intolerance to glucose during pregnancy were more likely to develop diabetes mellitus later on; 44 percent of the women with glucose level above 140 mg per dl developed diabetes mellitus after delivery. The prevalence of impaired glucose intolerance was also higher among women who had higher glucose intolerance during pregnancy (26 percent). In addition, women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes early in the pregnancy, before the 24th week, were more likely to be glucose intolerant after delivery. Although most patients with gestational diabetes did not have glucose intolerance after delivery, a group of high-risk women was identified. Therefore, glucose tolerance testing should be performed in the period after delivery, particularly in women who have high fasting glucose levels (105 mg per dl and above) during pregnancy. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Testing, Causes of, Statistics, Diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose tolerance tests, Glucose tolerance test, Puerperal disorders

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Congenital malformations in offspring of women with hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy

Article Abstract:

In women with no previous diabetic history who are found to have gestational diabetes during pregnancy, the glucose value at the time of diagnosis is a significant predictor of major, but not minor, birth defects in their infants. In 3,743 women originally diagnosed with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, women with fasting glucose levels above 120 had more than twice the risk of having an infant with major abnormalities compared to women with normal glucose levels. This risk was even more markedly increased when fasting glucose levels were greater than 260.

Risk factors, Birth defects, Hyperglycemia

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