Sucrose as an analgesic agent for infants during immunization injections

Article Abstract:

Sugar water given to infants before an injection does not seem to significantly reduce the pain associated with vaccinations. Researchers compared the pain levels of 285 healthy infants aged 2 weeks to 18 months who received either sugar water, water, or nothing in an oral syringe immediately before their routine vaccinations. They measured pain levels by timing the crying associated with the vaccine by videotape and audiotape 30 seconds before the injection until 3 minutes after each injection. There was less recorded pain in the group of 2 week-old infants taking the sugar water as compared to those taking water. Pain was similar in the other age categories regardless of pre-treatment. The sugar water pre-treatment had no effect on pain in the infants receiving two scheduled vaccinations. There was no association between the time it took for the nurse to give the injection and the measured pain levels.

Injections, Hypodermic, Subcutaneous injections, Pain in children, Pediatric pain, Analgesia, Placebos

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Dorsal Penile Nerve Block vs Topical Placebo for Circumcision in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates

Article Abstract:

A nerve block on the dorsal side of the penis seems quite safe and effective in controlling the pain of circumcision in low-birth-weight infants. In a study of 50 newborns with low birth weights between 1,600 and 2,500 grams at the time of circumcision, a dorsal penile nerve block including 1% lidocaine was tested against a topical ointment and a combination of anaesthetics. All the circumcisions were done without complication or technical difficulty. Subjective perception was measured through monitoring of heart rate, respiratory rate, and behavioral score when comparing the DPNB group with the others during and after circumcision.

Anesthetics

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Neonatal circumcision: randomized trial of a sucrose pacifier for pain control

Article Abstract:

Allowing a recently newborn male child to suck on a pacifier nipple delivering sucrose is apparently effective as a pain killer during circumcision. This was compared to no treatment aside from standard care and to dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) in 119 full-term normal weight male infants who were 12 hours old or older. The sucrose was very effective, based on heart rate measured during the operation and oxygen saturation. Although DPNB was nearly as effective, there are instances when it would not be desirable, and sucrose is safe and inexpensive.

Pain

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