Environmental security and freshwater resources: ecosystem regime building

Article Abstract:

Environmental security for limited freshwater resources requires an ecosystem perspective for international dispute resolution. The generation of ecosystem-oriented regimes that establish behavior standards and rights and obligations are necessary to create decision-making procedures for protecting resources from overuse or degradation. The regime theory calls for the development of norms between international parties through nonbinding and informal processes before formal dispute resolution mechanisms are imposed.

Social aspects, Environmental aspects, Security, International, International security, Environmental mediation, international

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New trends in the protection of the Antarctic environment: the 1991 Madrid Protocol

Article Abstract:

The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol) was approved in Jun 1991 and constitutes the most comprehensive treaty ever adopted on international environmental protection. The Madrid Protocol originated in the 1988 Convention for the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA). CRAMRA was opposed by some governments because it permitted mining and the Madrid Protocol's ban on mining in Antarctica is the main difference between the two.

Protection and preservation, Antarctic regions

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Self-determination - Canada - Quebec - right to secede under constitutional law and public international law - role of international law in Canadian courts

Article Abstract:

The Canadian Supreme Court ruled in the reference regarding the secession of Quebec that unilateral secession was unconstitutional and not supported by international law. The reference did not clarify under what law or form secession would be legal.

Canada, International, Quebec, Cases, Laws, regulations and rules, Political aspects, International law, Secession, Federal-provincial controversies

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