In Situ BTEX biotransformation under enhanced nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions

Article Abstract:

Observations of in situ biotransformation of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-xylene) under unamended and enhanced nitrate- and sulfate-reducing conditions were done through the injection of controlled amounts of BTEX on treated groundwater slugs released into a gasoline-contaminated aquifer. Results show that under unamended in situ conditions transformations only occurred in the slow removal of toluene and m,p-xylene. Nitrate- and sulfur reducing conditions showed faster removal of almost all components of BTEX.

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing, Water Pollution Control R&D, Fuels, In situ hybridization, Water pollution, Water pollution research

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Photochemical modeling of the impact of fuels and vehicles on urban ozone using auto/oil program data

Article Abstract:

Photochemical modeling has been used to determine the effect of fuels and vehicles on the urban ozone. Input data was lifted from the Auto/Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP). Multiday simulations were performed for gasolines in various AQIRP test matrices and for a methanol/gasoline blend. Among the gasoline changes which were recommended to reduce light-duty vehicles' role in ozone formation were olefin content and vapor pressure reductions and 90% distillation temperature.

Ozone, Photochemical research

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On-line characterization of individual particles from automobile emissions

Article Abstract:

Aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) is an effective method to measure the organic and inorganic particles emitted in automobile exhaust. ATOFMS helped determine that the exhaust from an automobile at startup tends to have fine-sized organic particles and coarse-sized inorganic particles. Some of the particles identified in automobile exhaust include platinum, calcium, cerium and lead.

Measurement, Air pollution

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