Proof of purchase on the Internet

Article Abstract:

People who use a credit card or personal identification number (PIN) when using the Internet can help ensure that the information remains confidential. Zero-knowledge protocols let users prove that they know a certain piece of information without revealing the information itself.

Methods, Usage, Safety and security measures, Internet, Internet security, Column, Confidential communications, Bank secrecy, Computer network protocols, Communications protocols, Access control (Computers), Computer access control

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Mathematical recreations

Article Abstract:

Electrical connections and planar graphs can possibly be represented using the concept of maps. By assuming that a map has thickness two, parallel edges can be formed to produce a planar graph. In the same way, the edges may be represented as electrical connections.

Analysis, Maps (Geography), Maps, Electric circuits, Representations of graphs

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How fair is monopoly?

Article Abstract:

The mathematics behind the game of monopoly is best described by Markov chains. These equations calculate the probabilities of securing the properties featured on the game board.

Markov processes, Board games

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