Dangers hang over dependency
Article Abstract:
The reawakening of the Soufriere Hills volcano, West Indies, after 400 years of dormancy has created a crisis for the southern parts of the island. Volcanic activity on Montserrat has led to extrusions of andesitic lava into the summit crater at the rate of 100,000 cubic meters a day, and the formation of a dome complex. Due to continuous activity, the dome becomes so steep that portions break away and form avalanches of hot rocks. This is a well known volcanic hazard in the West Indies. So far, the avalanches have been confined to the northeast of the dome and flowed down the Tar River.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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Structural characterization of pentacoordinate silicon in a calcium silicate
Article Abstract:
NMR-based structure determination of the inorganic crystalline silicate CaSi2O5 containing SiO5 groups reveals results that not only support the notion of pentacoordinate silicon-induced peaks in the spectrum but also provide a framework to characterize them in silicate melts and glasses. The detailed geometry for the pentacoordinate silicon allows practically useful calculations to be performed on the energy-related aspects of such defects. The results enable determination of diffusion rates in the Earth's lower mantle as well as amorphization of high-pressure silicates.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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At the magma ocean floor
Article Abstract:
The analysis of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) in mantle rocks shows that their relative and absolute concentration may have been formed by equilibrium between metallic and silicate melts at 280,000 atmospheres and 2,200 kelvin. The formation of the core and accretion of Earth can be determined by the mantle metal content and partitioning of metals into the metallic phase over a range of pressure, temperature and compositions. The results of the study indicate that equilibration during the formation of Earth occurred in a liquid magma.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1996
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