Smad6 inhibits signalling by the TGF-beta superfamily

Article Abstract:

The superfamily of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is involved in many biological processes, including cell specification and differentiation. Past studies of the SMAD signal inducer family have increased understanding of the intracellular pathways which mediate TGF-beta signals. New research shows that some SMADs inhibit TGF-beta signalling, through TGF-beta stimulation, suggesting that TGF-beta signals are regulated through an intracellular negative feedback loop. A study reporting the isolation of SMAD6 in the mouse shows that it inhibits signalling by the TGF-beta superfamily.

Cytokines

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TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins

Article Abstract:

SMADs are major components in the signal transduction pathways for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and associated molecules. Nine vertebrate SMADS have been identified, with others probably existing. Hetero-oligomeric SMAD complexes affect the transcription of certain genes after migrating into the nucleus following activation and phosphorylation by receptor kinases. Some SMADs act as inhibitors by stopping pathway-restricted SMADs from interacting with the serine/threonine kinase receptors.

Cellular signal transduction

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Identification of Smad7, a TGF-beta-inducible antagonist of TGF-beta signalling

Article Abstract:

SMAD proteins are serine/threonine receptors that are used by TGF-beta to send signals from the membrane to the nucleus. Smad2 and Smad3 are phosphorylated by the activated TGF-beta receptor but it is is unclear how the intracellular signals of TGF-beta are switched off. A new study identifies Smad7, related to Smad6, which inhibits the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. It is suggested that Smad7 may be part of a negative feedback loop that controls TGF-beta responses.

Observations, Morphogenesis, Cell research, Cytological research, Amino acids, Amino acid structure-activity relationships

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