The Boers' brave new world

Article Abstract:

South African farming has undergone major changes, and these changes reflect changes in South Africa as a whole. Farming was a low-risk occupration, protected by quotas and subsidies, with control boards involved in production and distribution. Reform began after the new government took over in 1994. The control boards have disappeared, and customs duties have replaced quotas, while tax breaks and subsidies have been reduced. Many farm co-ops have become limited companies and raised funds for diversification and expansion. Food prices have dropped. Blacks have lost out as jobs have been shed, and smaller framers, many of whom are black, have also been hit.

South Africa, Deregulation

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Unreformed

Article Abstract:

Ukrainian farmers have to sell some of their produce at less than market prices. There are limits on how much land they can own. Many collective farms remain but have been renamed 'private enterprises'. There are restrictions that have prevented many farmers from farming as private individuals. Both land reform and lack of an open market for agricultural produce have created difficulties for peasants. Western advisers tend to prefer large famrs, and peasnat farmers tend to be ignored.

Agricultural policy, Ukraine

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Low on the hog

Article Abstract:

Canadian farmers face falling wheat and hog prices which have hit prairie farmers particularly hard. Transportation costs have increased, and Canadian wheat exporters face competition from subsidized US exports. Canadian prairie farmers are well organized. The drop in farm incomes follows a number of good years for farmers. Farmers can perform well if they do not increase their debt levels too much, but high debt levels bring problems when times are harder.

Canada

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