CD4+ lymphocytes are an incomplete surrogate marker for clinical progression in persons with asymptomatic HIV infection taking zidovudine
Article Abstract:
Levels of CD4 T-cells appear to be useful only as a partial surrogate marker of disease progression among people with early HIV infection who are taking the drug zidovudine. The use of surrogate markers in studies of anti-HIV therapies could speed research and reduce the number of patients needed. For a surrogate marker to be of value, it is necessary to demonstrate that changes in the marker are related to progression and that the effect of a particular drug on progression is due to its effect on the marker. Among 1,075 asymptomatic HIV-positive men and women, 725 took zidovudine and 350 took a placebo, or inactive substance. After approximately two years of follow up, 24 people who took placebo developed AIDS, and 20 who took zidovudine developed AIDS. Levels of CD4 T-cells, which are a type of white blood cell depleted in HIV infection, were significantly associated with the risk of progression to AIDS. However, the delay in progression to AIDS associated with zidovudine treatment was only partially explained by its effect on levels of CD4 T-cells.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1993
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Reduced plasma concentrations of antituberculous drugs in patients with HIV infection
Article Abstract:
HIV infection appears to increase the risk that medications used to treat tuberculosis will not be absorbed effectively. Drug levels in blood samples from 48 participants without tuberculosis were analyzed after four days of treatment with pyrazinamide, rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol. Participants had varying stages of HIV disease or no infection. Drug levels for pyrazinamide and rifampin were 24% and 32% lower, respectively, among patients infected with HIV compared to healthy volunteers. Blood levels of isoniazid were lower in patients with progressive HIV disease and diarrhea.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1997
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Mixed Cryoglobulinemia in HIV-1 Infection: The Role of HIV-1
Article Abstract:
Cryoglobulins in the blood are common in patients with HIV infection. Cryoglobulins are cold-precipitating proteins common in patients with infections. Researchers tested 89 HIV patients for these blood proteins and found that 27% of patients had mixed cryoglobulins. Cryoglobulinemia was associated with higher viral loads, and all cryoglobulins contained anti-HIV antibodies.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1999
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