Clinical implications of basic research: DNA on trial - the molecular basis of DNA fingerprinting

Article Abstract:

DNA fingerprinting is a type of molecular genetic analysis that is be used in criminal investigations to identify body fluids and tissues from victims and suspected criminals. The U.S. legal system has allowed DNA testing of evidence based on the Frye criteria, which specifies that a new scientific technique must be generally accepted in the field to which it belongs. DNA testing uses many more variables than previous blood tests, which increases the significance of a match between specimens. The physical stability of DNA allows for small amounts of evidence to be analyzed years after a crime. DNA fingerprinting relies on variable numbers of tandemly repeated (VNTR) units, which vary widely among individuals. Combinations of VNTR markers are like fingerprints in that they may be unique to an individual. Families or certain population subgroups may have significantly higher frequencies of certain VNTR bands than the general population, however. DNA fingerprinting may be more acceptable in courts as a means of ruling out a match between a suspect and the analyzed specimen than as confirmation of a match.

Research, Methods, Usage, DNA testing, DNA identification, Medical genetics, Forensic genetics

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Benign breast disorders

Article Abstract:

Breast lesions that do not increase the risk of breast cancer are distinguished from those that confer a small increase in risk or a moderate increase. The level of risk is established by means of long-term follow-up, and the specific lesions are defined by a consensus conference.

United Kingdom, Analysis, Risk factors, Breast cancer

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