Dismantling Russia's nuclear subs: new challenges to non-proliferation

Article Abstract:

Russia is no longer allowed to sink its old nuclear submarines at sea, nor can it dump radioactive waste in this way. However, Russia has neither the money nor the facilities to dismantle its fleet of 244 nuclear submarines effectively. It dismantles a maximum of six submarines per year. Delay in the dismantling programme means that reactor fuel may be stolen by another country or terrorists. There are not enough guards to be sure of preventing this happening. Russia relies on help from the United States, Japan, Norway and the European Union to help it with its dismantling operation.

Safety and security measures, Nuclear industry, Russia, Nuclear submarines

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Pakistan's road to a minimum nuclear deterrent

Article Abstract:

Pakistan and India have a symbiotic relationship with regard to their nuclear weapons programs, with Pakistan maintaining its nuclear weapons policy is in response to security threats from India. The two states are increasingly determined that they need to develop a minimum nuclear deterrent, prompted by their recent clash over Kashmir. However, India's release of its draft nuclear doctrine in August 1999 has stripped the context of nuclear deterrence in South Asia of its minimalist facade.

International aspects, India, Pakistan, Deterrence (Strategy)

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